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Class 7 Notes

Page history last edited by Alan Liu 10 years, 3 months ago

Preliminary Class Business

 

 


 

Origins and Cultural Context of New Criticism

(continued from last class)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Russian Formalism

 

Rough Map of Modern Literary Theory

       Readings from Russian Formalism:

(in required book: Lemon & Reis, ed., Russian Formalist Criticism)  

 

  • Victor Shklovsky, "Art as Technique" (1917)
  • Boris Eichenbaum, "The Theory of the 'Formal Method'" (1926) 
  • Boris Tomashevsky, from "Thematics" (1925): read only pp. 66-87, 92-95 

 

  • Resources for Study of Russian Formalism (see below)

 


1. The "Voice" of Russian Formalism

 

 

 


2. Development of Russian Formalism

                  (For resources on Russian Formalism see below)

 

  • Turn of the Century Russian Literary Milieu:
    • Analogous to Belle Lettres in West:
      • Russian Symbolists (Vladimir Solovev, Aleksandr Blok, Andrei Belyi, etc.)
      • Alexander Potebnya (psychologization of Symbolism: poetry is thinking in images)
    • Analogous to Historical Criticism:
      • Academic scholarship: sociological and biographical on the model of Taine and German Kultur- and Geistesgeschicte
      • Journalistic criticism
    • Avant-garde or New Movements:
      • Futurism (e.g., Vladimir Mayakovsky)
      • Linguistics 

 

  • Emergence: 1915-20
    • 1915: Moscow Linguistic Circle (Roman Jakobson, Boris Tomashevsky, Vladimir Mayakovsky)
    • 1916: Petersburg Society for the Study of Poetic Language, or OPOJAZ (linguists: Leo Jakubinsky; literary theorists: Victor Shlovsky, Boris Eichenbaum)
    • Sborniki journal (Studies in the Theory of Poetic Language)
    • 1920: "Division of Literary History" at the Petrograd State Institute of Art History (Eichenbaum, Shlovsky, Jurij Tynjanov, Tomashevski)

 

  • Triumph and Diversification: 1921-25

 

  • Attack and Defeat: 1925-30  (see Victor Erlich, Russian Formalism: History–Doctrine, chapters 6-7)
    • 1924-25: opening of the Marxist offensive on formalism
      • Leon Trotsky's Literature and the Revolution (with a chapter on "The Formalist School") (1924)
      • Article by Anatoly Lunacharsky, first Soviet Commissar of Education in the Press and Revolution journal (1924)
    • 1926-28: period of accommodation to Marxism
      • Shklovsky, The Third Factory (1926); Materials and Style in Tolstoy's War and Peace (1928)
      • Eichenbaum: "Literature and Literary Mores" (1927)
    • 1928-32: First Five-Year Plan
      • RAPP, Russian Assoc. of Proletarian Writers, given the task of regulating literary theory
    • 1930 and following
      • Shklovsky, "A Monument to a Scientific Error" (1930)

 

  • New Developments
    • The "Prague School": Prague Linguistic Circle (1926)
    • "Neo-Structuralists" (e.g., Jurij Lotman, Boris Uspenskij)

 


3. Principles of Russian Formalism

 

 

Comparison of New Criticism & Russian Formalism

 

 


Resources for Study of Russian Formalism

 

  • Some Russian Formalist writings in English (other than in the Lemon & Reis volume)
    • Ladislav Matejka and Krystyna Pomorska, ed., Readings in Russian Poetics: Formalist and Structuralist Views (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press 1971)

 

  • About Russian Formalism
    • Victor Erlich, Russian Formalism: History--Doctrine, 3d ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981)
    • Peter Steiner, Russian Formalism: A Metapoetics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984)
    • Ewa M. Thompson, Russian Formalism and Anglo-American New Criticism: A Comparative Study (The Hague: Mouton, 1971)
    • Tony Bennett, Formalism and Marxism, New Accents (London: Methuen, 1979)

 

  • Some Prague School essays in English
    • Ladislav Matejka and Irwin R. Titunik, ed., Semiotics of Art: Prague School Contributions (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1976)
    • Peter Steiner, The Prague School: Selected Writings, 1929-1946 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982)

 

  • On the Prague School
    • F. W. Galan, Historic Structures: The Prague School Project, 1928-1946 (Austin University of Texas Press, 1985)

 

  • Some "Neo-Structuralist" works in English
    • Daniel P. Lucid, ed. and trans., Soviet Semiotics: An Anthology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977)
    • Alexander D. Nakhimovsky and Alice Stone Nakhimovsky, The Semiotics of Russian Cultural History: Essays by Iurii M. Lotman, Lidiia Ia. Ginsburg, Boris A. Uspenskii (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985)

 

 

 

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